Risk of progression to overt hypothyroidism in Indian patients with subclinical hypothyroidism: a prospective observational study

Background:Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is a common endocrine disorder but spontaneous course of SCH in India is lacking. The aim of the study is to determine the spontaneous course of SCH and to identify the risk factors, which enhances the occurrence of overt hypothyroidism (OH).Method: This is a real world prospective observational study. 58 SCH were followed up six monthly for one year to determine the course of SCH.Results: After one year of follow up 11 (18.97%) patients progressed to OH. 37 (63.79%) remained in subclinical hypothyroid category. In 10 (17.29%) patients TSH (thyrotropin) normalized. Rate of progression (odds ratio: 4.58; 95% CI: 1.14, 18.28) was significantly more in anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPO) positive group as compared to anti-TPO negative group. Conclusions: This first data from India clearly shows that SCH has a variable course. Rate of progression to OH is high (18.97%) in Indian SCH patients. In a cohort of 58 patients followed for one year only the presence of anti-TPO antibody waspredictive of OH. The initial risk stratification can identify patients with SCH at greatest risk for progression to OH in which treatment is mandatory.

Light transmittance and depth of cure of a bulk fill composite based on the exposure reciprocity law

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the exposure reciprocity law of a multi-wave light-emitting diode (LED) on the light transmittance (LT), depth of cure (DOC) and degree of conversion in-depth (DC) of a bulk fill composite. A bulk fill composite (EvoCeram® bulk fill, Ivoclar Vivadent) was photoactivated using the multi-wave LED (VALO™ Cordless, Ultradent). The LED was previously characterized using a spectrophotometer to standardize the time of exposure when using the Standard or Xtra-Power modes with the same radiant exposure of 20J/cm2. LT was evaluated through samples of the bulk fill composite every millimeter till 4 mm in-depth. DOC was evaluated according to the ISO 4049. DC of the central longitudinal cross-section from each sample of the DOC test was mapped using FT-NIR microscopy. Data were statistically analyzed according to the experimental design (α=0.05; ß=0.2). The radiant exposure in the violet wavelength range for Standard and Xtra-Power was 4.5 and 5.0 J/cm2, respectively; for the blue wavelength range the radiant exposure for Standard and Xtra-Power was 15.5 and 15.0 J/cm2, respectively. There was no statistical difference in the DOC using Standard or Xtra-Power light-curing modes, but the DOC was lower than the claimed by the manufacturer (4 mm). The DC was not significantly affected by the light-curing mode up to 4 mm in depth (p>0.05). According to exposure reciprocity law, the reduction in exposure time using the same radiant exposure did not affect the depth of cure of the bulk fill composite.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da lei de reciprocidade de um diodo emissor de luz (LED) multi-wave na transmitância de luz (LT), profundidade de cura (DOC) e grau de conversão em profundidade (DC) de um compósito bulk fill. Material e Métodos: Um compósito bulk fill (EvoCeram®, Ivoclar Vivadent) foi fotoativado utilizando um LED multi-wave (VALO ™ Cordless, Ultradent). O LED foi previamente caracterizado usando um espectrofotômetro para padronizar o tempo de exposição utilizando os modos Standard ou Xtra-Power com a mesma dose de energia de 20 J/cm 2. A LT foi avaliada através de amostras do compósito bulk fill a cada milímetro até 4 mm de profundidade. O DOC foi avaliado de acordo com a ISO 4049. O DC foi realizado em forma de mapeamento da seção transversal longitudinal central de cada amostra do teste de DOC utilizando microscopia FT-NIR. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente de acordo com o delineamento experimental (α=0,05; ß=0,2). A exposição radiante na faixa de comprimento de onda violeta para os modos Standard e Xtra-Power foi de 4,5 e 5,0 J/cm2, respectivamente; e para a faixa de comprimento de onda azul, a exposição radiante para os modos Standard e Xtra-Power foi de 15,5 e 15,0 J/cm2, respectivamente. Não houve diferença estatística no DOC utilizando os modos de fotopolimerização Standard ou Xtra-Power, mas o DOC foi menor do que o reivindicado pelo fabricante (4 mm). O DC não foi afetado significativamente pelo modo de fotopolimerização até 4 mm de profundidade (p>0,05). De acordo com a lei de reciprocidade da exposição, a redução no tempo de exposição utilizando a mesma exposição radiante não afetou a profundidade de cura do compósito bulk fill.

Decreased serum levels of IL-27and IL-35 in patients with Graves disease

ABSTRACT Objectives Graves' disease (GD) is an autoimmune disease causing the overproduction of the thyroid hormone from thyroid gland. This disease is mainly the result of the production of antibodies against TSH receptors. Cytokines play an important role in orchestrating the pathophysiology in autoimmune thyroid disease. The regulatory role of IL-12 on TH1 cells has been proven. IL-27 and IL-35, members of IL-12 cytokine family, are two cytokines that have been newly discovered. IL-35 has been identified as a novel immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory cytokine while IL-27 has both inflammatory and anti-inflammatory functions. The objective of the current study was to examine the changes in the serum level of the foregoing cytokines in GD patients in comparison to healthy controls. Materials and methods In this study, serum levels of IL-27 and IL-35 were determined by an ELISA method; anti TPO and anti Tg were measured by an RIA method in 40 new cases of Graves's disease. The findings were compared with 40 healthy controls. Results The results showed a significant difference between IL-27 and IL-35 regarding their serum levels with P values of 0.0001 and 0.024, respectively; anti TPO and anti Tg levels of the cases were also significantly different from controls (p < 0.001). Conclusion The reduction in the serum levels of IL-27 and IL-35 in GD patients compared to normal subjects suggests the possible anti-inflammatory role of these cytokines in GD.

Application of Thyroid Peroxidase (TPO) and Hector Battifora Mesothelial-1 (HBME-1) immunohistochemical markers in the diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma of the thyroid

Background: Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy accounting for >90% of malignancies of endocrine glands. The inter and intraobserver variation in the histomorphological diagnosis of Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas may sometimes pose a diagnostic difficulty. Application of IHC biomarkers may play an active or complementary role in their accurate classification. Aim: The present study was conducted to evaluate if HBME-1 and TPO immunohistochemical analysis can reliably differentiate papillary carcinomas from other thyroid lesions. Material and Methods: 50 cases of benign and malignant thyroid lesions were taken. Immunohistochemical staining for HBME-1 and TPO was performed. HBME-1 and TPO score was interpreted as absent and positive. Medical records were retrieved and their clinical data, surgical treatment, and pathological findings were noted. Results: Out of 50 cases, 19 (73.1%) cases were diagnosed PTC, 4 (15.4%) cases were FTC, 3(11.5%) cases were of MTC and 24 cases of benign thyroid lesions. TPO expression was found positive in 91.7% of cases of Benign thyroid lesions. In malignant thyroid lesions, negative expression of TPO was seen in 63.16%, 0% and 33.33% of PTC, FCT, and MCT respectively. HBME-1 showed negative expression in 83.3% of cases of benign thyroid lesions. Whereas, in malignant thyroid lesion HBME-1 expression was positive in 78.95%, 50% and 0% cases of PTC, FCT, and MCT respectively. Conclusion: Testing for expression of HBME-1 has been shown to improve the diagnostic accuracy for thyroid malignant nodules. The combination of HBME-1, and TPO may contribute to an accurate diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Study of prevalence and types of anemia in primary hypothyroidism

Background: Hypothyroidism is common disease with varying frequency between countries. Anemia in hypothyroidism can be normocytic normochromic, microcytic hypochromic and macrocytic hypochromic. Anemia severity is associated with hypothyroidism degree. Objective of this study to study the association between anemia and hypothyroidism and prevalence and types of anemia in primary hypothyroidism (subclinical and overt both).Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out at tertiary care hospital in North India. Newly diagnosed 100 primary hypothyroid patients and 100 controls with age and sex matched evaluated for anemia. Prevalence and types of anemia were studied and severity of anemia was correlated with that of hypothyroidism.Results: Anemia was observed in 90 patients with hypothyroidism. Symptoms due to anemia were higher in cases than in controls. RBCs morphology showed normocytic normochromic in 59, microcytic hypochromic in 26 and macrocytic hypochromic in 15 cases. Serum anti-TPO positivity was present in 71.1% in cases as compared to 33.33% in controls. Anemia was severe in cases with high TSH.Conclusions: Anemia was more prevalent in cases of hypothyroidism than in euthyroid controls. Normocytic normochromic type of anemia was most common type in this study. Serum anti-TPO positivity was 71.1% in cases. There was statistically significant negative correlation between TSH and haemoglobin. Symptoms of anemia were more in hypothyroid patients than in euthyroid anemic patients.

Thyroid Stimulatory Hormone (tsh) Reference Ranges In The Normal Pregnant Women Of Lucknow

Maternal hypothyroidism is known to be associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. This study was done to evaluate the normal reference range of TSH in pregnant women. 483 pregnant women on their first visit to Obstetrics OPD in Era's Lucknow Medical College and hospital were tested for TSH and TPO antibody using ELISA method. 25 out of 483 were positive for TPO Antibody. Of the remaining 458 patients, 142 were in first trimester, 222 were in second trimester and 94 were in third trimester. The TSH values ranged from 0.043 mIU/L to 10.1 mIU/L (mean = 2.34 mIU/L). The reference range of TSH values in all the trimesters are, 0.35 to 5.82(1st trimester), 0.28 to 5.82(2nd trimester) and 0.11 to 6.8(3rd trimester). The reference range of TSH values among the normal pregnant women of Lucknow and its surrounding areas were found to be higher than those recommended by the test kit

Living in Rural Areas of Peninsular Malaysia: Risk Factor for Goitre

@#Introduction: Thyroid disorders are among common medical conditions encountered in clinical practice. However, the disease burden among Malaysian population has not been established. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of goitre and its associated factors among adult population in Peninsular Malaysia. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in 5 pre-assigned regions in Peninsular Malaysia. Participants’ sociodemographic profile and medical history were recorded. Physical examinations were done looking for abnormalities of the thyroid gland and signs of thyroid dysfunctions. The diagnosis of goitre was made by palpation and corroborated by the repeat examination by another investigator. The World Health Organization (WHO) goitre grading system was used. Fifteen millilitre of blood were withdrawn and analysed at a central laboratory. Results: Among 2190 respondents, the prevalence of goitre was 9.3%. Goitre was associated with positive anti-thyroperoxidase and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies. Females were at higher risk of goitre (adjusted OR = 2.4; 95% CI 1.6–3.5; p<0.001). The other risk factors of goitre were Indian ethnicity (adjusted OR=2.0; 95%CI 1.2–3.3; p=0.006), positive anti-thyroperoxidase (adjusted OR=1.8; 95% CI 1.1-3.1; p=0.024) and living in rural area (adjusted OR = 1.7; 95% CI 1.2–2.5; p=0.002). These areas had been shown to suffer from some degree of iodine insufficiency in the past. Conclusions: The prevalence of goitre in Peninsular Malaysia was comparable with other studies. The main predictors of thyroid disorders are female gender and thyroid antibodies. Living in rural areas was associated with goitre.

Study on the relationship between pregnancy outcome and pregnancy complications in subclinical hypothyroidism with TPO-Ab negative / 中国实用妇科与产科杂志

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the pregnancy outcome and pregnancy complications in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism with negative anti-thyroid peroxidase(TPO-Ab)in early pregnancy.METHODS:From January 2016 to February 2018,4,616 cases of early-gestation pregnant women in Shanghai Tinglin Hospital were selected.According to the age,the patients were divided into groups of 18-24 years old(602 cases),25-29 years old(2604 cases),30-34 years old(1330 cases),and over 35 years old(80 cases).Subclinical incidence of TPO-Ab-negative hypothyroidism in pregnant women of different age groups was compared.According to whether TPO-Ab-negative subclinical hypothyroidism patients received LT4 replacement therapy, they were divided into treatment group(receiving treatment,160 cases)and observation group(not receiving treatment,98 cases),and 526 normal pregnant women in the same period were included as the control group.The incidence of various pregnancy complications and pregnancy outcomes and their statistical significance were compared among the three groups.RESULTS:Comparison of the incidence of TPO-Abnegative subclinical hypothyroidism:the age group of 30-34 years old(7.97%)was higher than the age group of 25-29 years old(5.99%)and the age group of 18-24 years old(3.99%);the age group of over 35 years old(12.50%)was higher than the age group of 25-29(5.99%)and the age group of 18-24(3.99%);the age of over 35 years old(12.50%)was higher than the age group of 25-29(5.99%)and the age group of 18-24(3.99%),and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The incidence of gestational diabetes was higher in the observation group(14.29%)than in the treatment group(6.25%)and the control group(4.94%),and the incidence of anemia in the observation group(44.90%)was higher than that in the treatment group(30.00%)and the normal control group(26.04%).The neonatal birth weight of the treatment group(3200±300 g)and the control group(3150±statistical significance(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:The incidence of TPO-Ab-negative subclinical hypothyroidism in early pregnancy increases with age.Timely intervention should be given to reduce the occurrence of gestational anemia diabetes,which is conducive to the growth and development of offsprings.

Significance Of Anti-Thyroperoxidase Antibody Estimation In Patients With Hypothyroidism

Introduction: Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine disorder characterized by decreased levels of thyroid hormones. Anti-thyroperoxidase antibody is produced in autoimmune thyroiditis which inhibits the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Aims & Objectives: The study was planned to explore the significance of anti-TPO antibody in hypothyroid patients. Materials and Methods: 150 newly diagnosed patients, age 20-60 years were enrolled for the study. Patients were divided on the basis of antiTPO levels as anti-TPO positive(n=87) anti-TPO negative (n=63).Thyroid hormones viz. serum triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), free T3 (FT3), free T4 (FT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were compared between the two groups. Results: Mean serum TSH level was significantly higher in anti-TPO positive group. Mean serum T3 & T4 levels were comparable (P= NS) among the two groups whereas FT3 (P= 0.014) and FT4 (P= 0.003) were significantly lower in the anti-TPO positive group. Conclusion: Serum FT3 & FT4 represent the biologically active proportion of thyroid hormones. The present study suggests that lower FT3 & FT4 levels can better correlate with anti-TPO activity in patients of hypothyroidism

Subclinical Hypothyroidism: A Prospective Observational Study from Southern India

Objective: To assess the natural history and progression of subclinical hypothyroidism and tostudy factors which help predict evolution of subclinical hypothyroidism into overthypothyroidism. Methods: Longitudinal study in 40 children (2-16 yrs) presenting withsubclinical hypothyroidism in a tertiary care unit in Chennai, India. Patients showing evidenceof overt hypothyroidism or thyroid stimulating hormone ?15 mIU/mL during follow-up werestarted on thyroxine. Others were followed up with 3-monthly thyroid function tests up to oneyear. Results: At the end of our study period 3 (7.5%) were overtly hypothyroid, 16 (40%)remained as subclinical hypothyroid, and 21 (52.5%) became euthyroid. Evidence of autoimmunity at baseline was a significant (P<0.05) risk factor for progression to overthypothyroidism. Conclusions: Subclinical hypothyroidism in children, with thyroidstimulating hormone upto 15 mIU/L and irrespective of thyroid autoimmunity, needs onlyperiodic clinical and biochemical follow up. Thyroid autoimmunity may point to an increasedprobability of progression to overt hypothyroidism.

Efecto de los extractos vegetales de Jatropha curcas y Anonna muricata sobre teleoginas de la garrapata común del ganado Ripichephalus (Boophilus) microplus bajo condiciones de laboratorio / Effect of plant extracts of jatropha curcas and Anonna muricata on engorged females of common cattle tick Ripichephalus (Boophilus) microplus under laboratory conditions / Efeito de extractos de plantas de Jatropha curcas e Anonna muricata em teleogines do carrapato gado comum Ripichephalus (Boophilus) microplus sob condições de laboratório

Resumen La garrapata común (Rhipicephalus (B.) microplus) del ganado es considerada el ectoparásito más importante en la ganadería. El uso repetitivo y tradicional de acaricidas comerciales se ha convertido en un serio problema en cuanto a la resistencia adquirida por esta garrapata. Por esta razón, el control biológico ha surgido como una alternativa prometedora en el control de este ectoparásito. En este estudio se evalúa el efecto de los extractos vegetales de dos plantas, J. curcas y A. muricata, sobre el índice de producción de huevos y la eficiencia reproductiva de R (B.) microplus bajo condiciones de laboratorio. Cada extracto fue evaluado a cinco concentraciones (entre 0.1 y 5%), usando controles negativo y positivo para su comparación. Ambas plantas mostraron actividad biológica, sin embargo, A. muricata tuvo un efecto mayor comparado con J. curcas, inclusive a concentraciones bajas (0,5 y 1 %). Por el contrario, J. curcas mostró solo un efecto moderado en concentraciones altas (5%). En conclusión, los resultados obtenidos en laboratorio indican que los extractos de A. muricata son promisorios para controlar la garrapata común del ganado.

Abstract Rhipicephalus (B.) microplus or common cattle tick is considered the most important ectoparasite of livestock. Traditional and repetitive control of this tick through the use of conventional products has become a serious problem regarding tick's resistance. For this reason, biological control has emerged as a very promising alternative to control this tick. In the present study, an experiment was designed to assess the effect of plant extracts of J. curcas y A. muricata on Production eggs Index (IPH) and estimated reproduction (ER) of R (B) microplus under laboratory conditions. Each plant extract was assessed in five different concentrations (between 0.1 and 5%); a positive and negative control was used for comparison. Both plants showed biological activity, however, A. muricata showed significantly effect on engorged females of the cattle tick compared with J. curcas, even at lower concentrations (0.5, and 1 %). In conclusion, the results obtained indicate that A. muricata's seed extracts are promissory to biocontrol the common cattle tick under laboratory conditions.

Resumo O carrapato comum (Rhipicephalus (B.) microplus) do gado é considerado o ectoparasita mais importante da pecuária. O uso repetitivo e tradicional de inseticidas comerciais se converteu em um sério problema quanto a resisitência adquirida por esse carrapato. Por essa razão, o controle biológico surgiu como uma alternativa promissora no controle deste ectoparasita. Esse estudo avalia o efeito dos extratos vegetais das plantas,J. curcas e A. muricata,sobre o índice de produção de ovos e a eficiência reprodutiva deR (B.) microplussegundo condições de laboratório. Cada extrato foi avaliado em 5 concentrações (entre 0,1 e 5%), usando controles negativo e positivo para sua comparação. Ambas as plantas mostraram atividade biológica, porém,A. muricatateve um efeito maior comparado comJ. curcas,inclusive as concentrações baixas (0,5 y 1 %). Pelo contrário,J. curcasmostrou só um efeito moderado nas concentrações altas (5%). Em conclusão, os resultados obtidos no laboratório indicam que os extratos deA. muricatasão promissores para controlar o carrapato comum do gado.

Validation of CK-19 and HBME-1 Expression Pattern in FNACs to Supplement Morphological Evaluation for Preoperative Diagnosis of Thyroid Lesions.

Aim: Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology is the cost effective, quick and minimally invasive method for the initial evaluation of thyroid nodule. But it poses a diagnostic challenge in differentiating benign follicular adenoma from follicular carcinoma and follicular variant of papillary carcinoma as they have similar cytological appearance. Present study focused on the identification of a biological marker for the differential diagnosis of thyroid malignancy in indeterminate cases. Place and Duration of the Study: Division of cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre, Kerala, India, between August 2009 to September 2014. Methodology: Immunohistochemistry was performed using Ret (Rearranged during transfection), Hector Battifora Mesothelial Cell Antigen-1 (HBME-1), Cytokeratin-19 (CK-19), Keratan sulphate (KS), Thyroid peroxidase (TPO), Estrogen receptor (ER) and Progesterone receptor (PR) on cell block prepared from FNA material and corresponding tissue sections on 153 samples. Western blot analysis of ER and PR was performed in surgically excised fresh tissue specimens. Results: The present study found that HBME-1 is highly significant (P < .001) for the differential diagnosis with a diagnostic accuracy of 95.96%. Ret immunostaining may serve as good indicator of PTC whereas its sensitivity is very low in other lesions. The diagnostic accuracy of CK-19 was 90.91%. Intense positive staining of TPO was noted in majority of follicular epithelial cells of benign lesions (42.42%). Females had an increased prevalence in our study population so we examined the estrogen and progesterone receptors status in thyroid lesions. The specificity of KS, ER and PR are very low for the differentiation of adenoma from carcinomas of the thyroid. Conclusion: Present study found that the combination of two markers may give a more accurate way in the differentiation of thyroid nodules in problematic cases. So we suggest morphological evaluation along with immunocytochemistry of HBME-1 and CK19 can help the differential diagnosis of thyroid lesions in FNAs.

Prevalence of Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis and Its Association with Vitamin D Deficiency in West Bengal, India.

Objective: The aim of our study is to screen the prevalence of Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis and to evaluate a correlation between 25(OH)Vitamin D deficiency and AITD in hypothyroid patients of West Bengal. Study Design: Ethical clearance was received for the study. 130 patients from the Medicine OPD of Ramakrishna Mission Seva Pratishthan (RKMSP) and 100 healthy individuals were included in the study from March to July 2015. Methodology: Brief clinical history was taken from all the subjects and serum 25(OH)Vitamin D, Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), Thyroid peroxidise antibody (TPOab), Parathyroid hormone (PTH) were estimated by Cobas e 601 Immuno assay auto-analyzer. Results: 48.4% (63/130) of the screened patients were found to have AITD with elevated level of anti-TPO in their serum. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was significantly higher in patients with AITD compared to controls (Group I: 14.67±4.51; Group II: 11.26±2.8 vs Control: 28.66±8.3 respectively, p<0.0001). There was a significant inverse association between serum 25(OH)D and Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis established by the negative r values (Group I: r = -0.2 , p=0.03; Group II: r = -0.5, p=0.013 vs Control: r=0.07, p=0.48). Conclusion: It has been demonstrated from this study that all the patients with Hashimoto’s Thyroid disorder had significantly low serum 25(OH)vitamin D suggesting its involvement in the pathogenesis of AITD.

Synergic actions of polyphenols and cyanogens of peanut seed coat (Arachis hypogaea) on cytological, biochemical and functional changes in thyroid.

In animals, long-term feeding with peanut (Arachis hypogaea) seed coats causes hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the thyroid gland. However, to date there have been no detailed studies. Here, we explored the thyroidal effects of dietary peanut seed coats (PSC) in rats. The PSC has high levels of pro-goitrogenic substances including phenolic and other cyanogenic constituents. The PSC was mixed with a standard diet and fed to rats for 30 and 60 days, respectively. Animals fed with the PSC-supplemented diet showed a significant increase in urinary excretion of thiocyanate and iodine, thyroid enlargement, and hypertrophy and/or hyperplasia of thyroid follicles. In addition, there was inhibition of thyroid peroxidase (TPO) activity, 5’-deiodinase-I (DIO1) activity, and (Na+-K+)-ATPase activity in the experimental groups of rats as compared to controls. Furthermore, the PSC fed animals exhibited decreased serum circulating total T4 and T3 levels, severe in the group treated for longer duration. These data indicate that PSC could be a novel disruptor of thyroid function, due to synergistic actions of phenolic as well as cyanogenic constituents.

Effect of G-CSF and TPO on HIBD in neonatal rats

Objective:To observe effect of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor(G-CSF) and restructure human thrombopoietin on hypoxic-ischemic brain damage(HIBD) in new born rats.Methods:A total of60 neonatalSD rats were selected and divided into4 groups, with15 in each group.Group A served as control group.Rats ofGroupsB-D were prepared forHIBD model by ligation of left common carotid artery combined with hypoxia method.Rats ofGroupA were only completed with free left common carotid artery without ligation and hypoxia operation.AfterHIBD model preparation,GroupB was administrated with subcutaneous injection of normal saline for placebo treatment;GroupC was administrated with cervical subcutaneous injection of0.5 μg/10 g granulocyte colony stimulating factor(G-CSF) for5 d(Once a day);GroupD was administrated with intraperitoneal injection of15U/10 g recombinant human thromobopoietin(rhTPO) for treatment.After modeling for7,14 and21 d,5 rats were sacrificed in each group, respectively. Brain quality damage(%) conditions of experimental animals in each group were compared in different time points, and cerebral histopathological changes of each group were observed. Expression of nestin in rats of each group was detected by immunohistochemical method. Results:After modeling for7,14 and21 d, brain quality damages(%) ofGroupsB,C andD were significant higher than that of inGroupA(P0.05). Conclusions:BothG-CSF andTPO can protect the nervous system ofHIBD neonatal rats. G-CSF can promote the proliferation and differentiation of neural precursor cells to decrease the degeneration and necrosis of nerve cell.TPO can obviously ameliorate morphology index ofHIBD rats.Through regulating ratio ofTIMP-1 andMMP-9,TPO can maintain the integrity of blood brain barrier to relieve the occurrence of brain damage.

Effect of G-CSF and TPO on HIBD in neonatal rats

OBJECTIVE@#To observe effect of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and restructure human thrombopoietin on hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) in new born rats.@*METHODS@#A total of 60 neonatal SD rats were selected and divided into 4 groups, with 15 in each group. Group A served as control group. Rats of Groups B-D were prepared for HIBD model by ligation of left common carotid artery combined with hypoxia method. Rats of Group A were only completed with free left common carotid artery without ligation and hypoxia operation. After HIBD model preparation, Group B was administrated with subcutaneous injection of normal saline for placebo treatment; Group C was administrated with cervical subcutaneous injection of 0.5 μg/10 g granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) for 5 d (Once a day); Group D was administrated with intraperitoneal injection of 15 U/10 g recombinant human thromobopoietin (rhTPO) for treatment. After modeling for 7, 14 and 21 d, 5 rats were sacrificed in each group, respectively. Brain quality damage (%) conditions of experimental animals in each group were compared in different time points, and cerebral histopathological changes of each group were observed. Expression of nestin in rats of each group was detected by immunohistochemical method.@*RESULTS@#After modeling for 7, 14 and 21 d, brain quality damages (%) of Groups B, C and D were significant higher than that of in Group A (P0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Both G-CSF and TPO can protect the nervous system of HIBD neonatal rats. G-CSF can promote the proliferation and differentiation of neural precursor cells to decrease the degeneration and necrosis of nerve cell. TPO can obviously ameliorate morphology index of HIBD rats. Through regulating ratio of TIMP-1 and MMP-9, TPO can maintain the integrity of blood brain barrier to relieve the occurrence of brain damage.

Thyroid Disorders in Pregnancy- Experience from North East India.

Aims: Thyroid dysfunction is commonly encountered in pregnancy and can affect maternal and Fetal outcomes. Limited data are available from north east India on the prevalence of various thyroid disorders in pregnancy. The present study was hence conducted to evaluate the prevalence of thyroid disorders in a large government hospital in Assam. Study Design: Prospective cohort study. Place and Duration of Study: Sample: Department of endocrinology and department of obstetrics, Gauhati medical college, Guwahati between may 2011 to April 2013. Methodology: Pregnant women irrespective of gestational age attending the antenatal clinic of Gauhati medical college were screened for thyroid dysfunction by estimation of serum free t34 (FT4), TSH and thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAB). Subjects with known thyroid disorders, chronic illness or on medications known to affect thyroid status were excluded from the study. Results were interpreted as per the American thyroid association (ATA) 2011 guidelines. Results: A total of 542 pregnant women were enrolled for this prospective cohort study. The mean age was 23.85±4.04 yrs. Of the 542 women screened, 69.18% were Euthyroid, 21.58% had subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH), 5.35% had overt hypothyroidism (OH), hyperthyroidism was observed in 2.39% and 1.47% had gestational Thyrotoxicosis. TPOAB were positive in 18.08% of women. Conclusion: A high prevalence of thyroid disorders specially hypothyroidism were seen in this study using the newer ATA diagnostic criteria emphasizing the need for screening of all women during pregnancy.

Effect of G-CSF and TPO on HIBD in neonatal rats

Objective: To observe effect of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and restructure human thrombopoietin on hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) in new born rats. Methods: A total of 60 neonatal SD rats were selected and divided into 4 groups, with 15 in each group. Group A served as control group. Rats of Groups B-D were prepared for HIBD model by ligation of left common carotid artery combined with hypoxia method. Rats of Group A were only completed with free left common carotid artery without ligation and hypoxia operation. After HIBD model preparation, Group B was administrated with subcutaneous injection of normal saline for placebo treatment; Group C was administrated with cervical subcutaneous injection of 0.5 μg/10 g granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) for 5 d (Once a day); Group D was administrated with intraperitoneal injection of 15 U/10 g recombinant human thromobopoietin (rhTPO) for treatment. After modeling for 7, 14 and 21 d, 5 rats were sacrificed in each group, respectively. Brain quality damage (%) conditions of experimental animals in each group were compared in different time points, and cerebral histopathological changes of each group were observed. Expression of nestin in rats of each group was detected by immunohistochemical method. Results: After modeling for 7, 14 and 21 d, brain quality damages (%) of Groups B, C and D were significant higher than that of in Group A (. P0.05). Conclusions: Both G-CSF and TPO can protect the nervous system of HIBD neonatal rats. G-CSF can promote the proliferation and differentiation of neural precursor cells to decrease the degeneration and necrosis of nerve cell. TPO can obviously ameliorate morphology index of HIBD rats. Through regulating ratio of TIMP-1 and MMP-9, TPO can maintain the integrity of blood brain barrier to relieve the occurrence of brain damage.

Influence of TPO-Ab on in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer ending / 实用医学杂志

Objective To Study the effect of thyroid peroxidase-Ab (TPO-Ab) on in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) ending. Methods From March 2011 to October 2013, a total of 378 assisted reproduction cycles in Reproductive Medical Center of Qinghai Provincial People ’s Hospital were retrospectively analyzed in. Experiment group included 69 cycles from patients with positive thyroid peroxidase antibody and normal thyroid function and control group 309 cycles from those with negative thyroid peroxidase antibody and normal thyroid function. Results IVF fertility rate (79.76%) and high quality embryo rate (46.59%) in experiment group were significantly lower than those in control group (84.08%, 54.49% respectively) and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05); abortion rate (33.33%) in experiment group was obviously higher than that in control group (16.11%), which was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion Positive thyroid peroxidase antibody exerts adverse effects on IVF-ET ending since TPO-Ab reduces IVF fertilization rate and high quality embryo rate and increases the rate of abortion.